What about the second electrode of the Pollack battery and what happens when the battery is used?

The notion of Pollack battery (see this) was inspired by the claim of the finnish DONUT Lab that it had developed a battery with very fast charging, very large energy density and very large number of cycles. The fast charging is indeed found to occur in the VTT tests.

The charging of the Pollack battery by Pollack effect is expected to be a very fast process. The discharging of the Pollack battery must however occur slowly in ordinary applications. The Pollack battery must therefore behave classically during its use (Ohmic currents) and quantally during its charging.

1. Assume that electrodes E1 and E2 are in the initial state nanotubes, that is single-layered hexagonal lattice such that given carbon as single valence bond to 2 neighbors and 1 double valence bond to the third neighbor. The electrons are assumed to be prepared by making different modifications of double bonds =C:

   E1 : =C → -(C-OH) : addition of OH

   E2: =C → -(C=O) : addition of double bonded O.

   The open question is whether the oxygenation is possible energetically without energy feed.

2. What happens in charging?
   1. Pollack effect for E1 ocurrs and inducing the modification

      -(C-OH) → -(C-O^-) + dark proton at flux tube

   2. Dark proton is transferred to E2 and suffers reverse Pollack effect. At E2 one has

      -(C=O) +p, where p is ordinary proton.

3. What happens when the battery is used?
   1. Pollack effect at E2 is not possible (no -OH groups)! The battery voltage generated in charging induces an ohmic electron current from E1 to E2. The Ohmic current is not quantal and the discharging is slow.
   2. Electron leaves E1 and the transition

      -(C-O^-)-C→-(C=O)-C

      occurs and e^- is transferred to E2 ohmically.

   3. At E2 e^- combines with a proton to form H. After that the H combines with C=O to give

      -(C=0)-C +H -→ -(C-OH)-C

      The roles of E1 and E2 are changed!

   The next charging must use an opposite loading voltage inducing Pollack effect at E2.

See the article Are Pollack batteries possible? and the chapter with the same title.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.