Tesla inspires still

Tesla has served as a source of inspiration for free energy researchers decade after decade. The claims assigned with Tesla and free energy are not consistent with the prevailing belief systems, and it is very interesting to look whether they could make sense in TGD framework predicting a lot of new physics. I have even written a book studying these claims systematically (see this). The book is written about two decades ago and TGD has developed a lot after than and it is interesting to take a glimple at it with the recent understanding of TGD.

1. Some claims associated with Tesla and free energy research

In the following some claims assigned with Tesla and free energy research are summarized.

1. Tesla explained his observations with scalar waves. Maxwellian electrodynamics does not however allow massless photons with vanishing spin. Tesla also believed on aether but to my view Tesla was here a child of his time.
   

   My recent view is that scalar waves are not possible as single-sheeted structures in TGD framework. Many-sheeted space-time could however allow effective scalar waves as two-sheeted structures realized as a pair of massless extremals (MEs) representing waves of opposite polarization propagating in the same direction. From the point of view of test particles the effect of MEs is indeed like that of a scalar wave. This variant of scalar wave could explain the findings claimed by Tesla. Also the analogs of light waves propagating with arbitrary small velocity and even of standing waves make sense as pairs of MEs with opposite momentum directions.
   
   

2. The notion of free energy is different from the standard notion of free energy appearing in thermodynamics. Over-unity effects assigned also with Tesla are a typical claim. In strong form it would mean non-conservation of energy and academic community concludes that since energy is conserved, these claims are crackpot non-sense. In weaker form the claims would mean transformation of heat to work with efficiency larger than the upper bound predicted by Carnot law.
   

   Second law however kills hopes about perpetual motion machines based on this kind of over-unity effects. Second law assumes fixed arrow of time. There exists however strong empirical evidence for the possibility that the arrow of time can change - phase conjugate waves are the key example. This led Fantappie to propose the notion of syntropy as entropy in reversed time direction. Second law in reverse time direction could also allow an error correction mechanism in quantum computation: Nature itself would do it. Phase conjugate waves are indeed known to perform error correction.
   

   Quantum TGD relies on zero energy ontology (ZEO). ZEO allows both arrows of time and a temporary change of the arrow of time could make possible to break the standard laws of thermodynamics at least temporarily and in short enough scales. ZEO indeed plays a key role in TGD inspired quantum biology and quantum theory of consciousness.
   
   

3. Recall that Tesla reported strange findings in electronic circuits subjected to sudden pulses created by putting switches on or off. Could it be that these pulses were accompanied by macroscopic quantum jumps changing the arrow of time and inducing over-unity effects and breaking of second law in the standard sense? I considered this possibility
   for a couple of decades about (see this). Could one think of taking this possibility seriously and replicating the studies of Tesla?
   
   

In the following I will consider the issue of energy conservation in ZEO. Classically energy is well-defined and conserved in TGD Universe. But what about energy conservation in quantum sense? ZEO involves delocalization of states in time and this could allow energy conservation only in some resolution determined by the scale of the increment of time in given state function reduction inducing a shift of the active boundary of CD farther from the passive one.

2. Energy is conserved classically in TGD but what about conservation in quantum sense in ZEO?

ZEO guarantees classical conservation laws. What about the situation at quantum level? Could the energy associated with the positive energy part of zero energy state increase in quantum transitions and lead to over-unity effects? In principle, conservation laws do not prevent this quantally.

1. Recall that zero energy states are identified as superpositions of pairs (a,b) formed from states a and b having opposite total quantum numbers and being assigned with the opposite boundaries of causal diamond (CD). The states at the passive boundary B of CD are not affected whereas the states at the active boundary A are affected by a sequence of unitary time evolutions also shifting A farther away from B (in statistical sense at least).
   

   Each unitary evolution induces a de-localization of A in its moduli space and "small" SFR induces its localization (including time localization meaning time measurement). This sequence would approximately conserve the energies of the states in the superposition. This in the approximation that their energies are large in the energy scale Δ E =hbar_eff/Delta t defined by the time increment Δ t in single unitary time evolution. Large value of h_eff makes the conservation worse for a given Δ t. Unitarity together with the approximate energy conservation implies that the average energy is approximately conserved.
   
   

2. Negative energy signals sent from A to its geometric past and received at B in remote metabolism would correspond to "big" SFR. If the notion of remote metabolism giving effectively rise to over-unitary effect is to make sense, the approximate energy conservation should fail in "big" SFRs in quantal sense. For this to be the case, the first unitary evolution of B followed by "small" SFR energy conservation should be a bad approximation. This does not however seem plausible if one assumes energy conservation for the next state function reductions. What could be so special in the first state function reduction?
   
   
3. Why the energy conservation made approximate by the finite size of CD and finite duration of unitary evolution, should fail badly in some situations? According to the number theoretic vision, "small" SFRs preserve the extension of rationals defining the adele and therefore also hbar_eff/hbar₀=n identifiable as the dimension of the extension. hbar_eff/hbar₀=n can however change n_old→ n_new in "big" SFRs forced to occur when "small" SFRs preserving n_old are not anymore possible. If a large increase of h_eff occurs in the "big" SFR, the Δ E=hbar_eff/Delta t increases if Δ t is still of the same order of magnitude. The approximate energy conservation could fail badly enough to make possible remote metabolism.
   
   
4. In the subsequent SFRs energy conservation should however hold true in good approximation. The values of Δ t should be large in the subsequent "small" SFRs, and Δ t should scale as Δ t ∝ n to guarantee that Δ E remains the same. As a quantum scale Δ t analogous to Compton length is indeed proportional to n. In the first reduction one must have of n=n_old but in the subsequent reductions one must have n=n_new to guarantee energy conservation in the same approximation as before.
   

   To sum up: in the first "small" SFR one should have Δ E∝ n_new and Δ t∝ n_new. Can one really deduce this from the basic TGD?
   
   

5. ZEO suggests that evolution means a continual increase of the size of CD so that small CD could eventually grow to even cosmic size (whether this occurs always or whether zero energy state can become pure vacuum at both boundaries of CD remains an open problem). CD with a cosmic size should however have huge energy. This would not only require non-conservation of energy in quantal sense but also its increase in statistical sense at least. Why should the energy increase?
   

   The increase would relate directly to the basic defining property of ZEO. Preferred time direction means that the transfer of energy quantum numbers can take place only from the active boundary of CD to the passive boundary in "big" SFR. This allows interpretation as remote metabolism implying increase of the magnitude of energy.
   
   

3. Could Nature provide an error correction mechanism for quantum computation?

Error correction has turned out to be major problem in the attempts to construct quantum computers. It is believed to be necessary because quantum entanglement is extremely fragile for the standard value of Planck constant. In TGD the situation changes. Large values of h_eff increasing the time scale of entanglement are possible and reversed time evolutions in quantum sense imply second law in reversed time direction meaning spontaneous reduction of entropy in the standard time direction. Nature itself would provide the needed error correction mechanism perhaps applied routinely in living systems (for instance, to correct mutations of DNA and transcription and translation errors).

To sum up, this picture is extremely interesting from the point of view of future technologies. One can even challenge the cherised law of energy conservation at quantum level (classically it remains exact in TGD Universe). Could one consider the possibility that the energy of system could be increased by the evolution by "big"> state function reductions increasing the value of h_eff? Could one at least temporarily reduce entropy by inducing time evolutions in opposite time direction? TGD strongly suggests that these mechanisms are at work in biology. Maybe energy and iquantum nformation technologists could learn something from living matter?

See the article Tesla still inspires or the chapter Construction of Quantum Theory: More about Matrices of "Towards M-matrix".

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

Articles and other material related to TGD.