From blackholes to time reversed blackholes: comparing the views of time evolution provided by general relativity and TGD

The TGD inspired very early cosmology is dominated by cosmic strings. Zero energy ontology (ZEO) suggests that this is the case also for the very late cosmology, or that emerging after "big" state function reduction (BSFR) changing the arrow of time. Could this be a counterpart for the general relativity based vision of black holes as the endpoint of evolution: now they would also be starting points for a time evolution as a mini cosmology with reversed time direction. This would conform with the TGD explanation for stars and galaxies older than the Universe and with the picture produced by JWST.

First some facts about zero energy ontology (ZEO) are needed.

1. In ZEO space-time surfaces satisfying almost deterministic holography and having their ends at the boundaries of causal diamond (CD), which is the intersection of future and past directed light-cones and can have varying scale? The 3-D states at the passive boundary of CD are unaffected in "small" state function reductions (SSFRs) but change at the active boundary. In the simplest scenario CD itself suffers scaling in SSFRs.
2. In BSFRs the roles of passive and active boundaries of CD change. The self defined by the sequence of SSFRs "dies" and reincarnates with an opposite arrow of geometric time. The hierarchy of effective Planck constants predicted by TGD implies that BSFRs occur even in cosmological scales and this could occur even for blackhole-like objects in the TGD counterpart of evaporation.

Also some basic ideas related to TGD based astrophysics and cosmology are in order.

1. I have suggested that the counterpart of the GRT black hole in the TGD, I call it blakchole-like object (BH), is a maximally dense volume-filling flux tube tangle (see this). Actually an entire hierarchy of BHs with quantized string tension is predicted (see this) and ordinary BHs would correspond to flux tubes consisting of nucleons (they correspond to Mersenne prime M₁₀₇ in TGD) and would be essentially giant nuclei.

   M₈₉ hadron physics and corresponding BHs are in principle also possible and have string tension which is 512 higher than the flux tubes associated with ordinary blackholes. Surprisingly, they could play a key part in solar physics.

2. The very early cosmology of TGD (see this) corresponds to the region near the passive boundary of CD that would be cosmic string dominated. The upper limit for the temperature would be Hagedorn temperature. Cosmic strings are 4-D objects but their CP₂ projection is extremely small so that they look like strings in M⁴.

   The geometry of CD strongly suggests a scaled down analog of big bang at the passive boundary and of big crunch at the active boundary as time reversal of big bang as BSFR. This picture should also apply to the evolution of BH? Could one think that a gas of cosmic strings evolves to a BH or several of them?

3. In ZEO, the situation at the active future boundary of the CD after BSFR should be similar to that at the passive boundary before it. This requires that the evaporation of the BH at the active boundary must occur as an analog of the big bang, and gives rise to a gas consisting of flux tubes as analog of cosmic string dominated cosmology. Symmetry would be achieved between the boundaries of the CD.
4. In general relativity, the fate of all matter is to end up in blackholes, which possibly evaporate. What about the situation in TGD?: does all matter end up to a tangle formed by volume filling flux tubes which evaporates to a gas of flux tubes in an analog of Big Bang?

   Holography = holomorphy vision states that space-time surfaces can be constructed as roots for pairs (f₁,f₂) of analytic functions of 3 complex coordinates and one hypercomplex coordinate of H=M⁴× CP₂. By holography the data would reside at certain 3-surfaces. The 3-surfaces at the either end of causal diamond (CD), the light-like partonic orbits, and lower-dimensional surfaces are good candidates in this respect.

   Could the matter at the passive boundary of CDs consist of monopole flux tubes which in TGD form the building bricks of blackhole-like objects (BHs) and could the BSFR leading to the change of the arrow of geometric time transform the BH at the active boundary of CD to a gas of monopole flux tubes? This would allow a rather detailed picture of what space-time surfaces look like.

Black hole evaporation as an analog of time reversed big bang can be a completely different thing in TGD than in general relativity.

1. Let's first see whether a naive generalization of the GRT picture makes sense.
   1. The temperature of a black hole is T=ℏ/8πGM. For ordinary hbar it would therefore be extremely low and the black hole radiation would therefore be extremely low-energy.
   2. If hbar is replaced by GMm/β₀, the situation changes completely. We get T= m/β₀. The temperature of massive particles, mass m, is essentially m. Each particle in its own relativistic temperature. What about photons? They could have very small mass in p-adic thermodynamics.
   3. If m=M, we get T=M/β₀. This temperature seems completely insane. I have developed the quantum model of the black hole as a quantum system and in this situation the notion of temperature does not make sense.
2. Since the counterpart of the black hole would be a flux tube-like object, the Hagedorn temperature T_H is a more natural guess for the counterpart of evaporation temperature and also blackhole temperature. In fact, the ordinary M₁₀₇ BH would correspond to a giant nucleus as nuclear string. Also M₈₉ BH can be considered. The straightforward dimensionally motivated guess for the Hagedorn temperature is suggested by p-adic length scale hypothesis as T_H= xℏ/L(k) , where x is a numerical factor. For blackholes as k=107 objects this would give a temperature of order 224 MeV for x=1. Hadron Physics giving experimental evidence for Hagedorn temperature about T=140 MeV near to pion mass and near to the scale determined by Λ_QCD, which would be naturally related to the hadronic value of the cosmological constant Λ.
3. One can of course ask whether the BH evaporation in this sense is just the counterpart for the formation of a supernova. Could the genuine BH be an M₈₉ blackhole formed as an M₁₀₇ nuclear string transforms to an M₈₉ nuclear string and then evaporates in a mini Big Bang? Could the volume filling property of the M₁₀₇ flux tube make possible touching of string portions inducing the transition to M₈₉ hadron physics just as it is proposed to do in the process which corresponds to the formation of QCD plasma in TGD (see this ).

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.