Herbig Haro objects from the TGD point of view

The Youtube posting "The James Webb Space Telescope Has Just Made an Incredible Discovery about Our Sun! Birth of Sun"!" (see this) tells about Herbit Haro object HH211 located at a distance 1000 light years about which JWQST has provides a picture (I hope that the sensationalistic tone of the title does not irritate too much: it seems that we must learn to tolerate this style).

Herbig Haro luminous objects are associated with very young stars, protostars. Typically they involve a pair of opposite jets containing streams of matter flowing with a very high speed of several hundred km/s. The jets interact with the surrounding matter and generate luminous regions. HH211 was the object studied by JWT. The jets were found to contain CO, SiO, H₂.

Herbig Haro objects provide information about the very early states of star formation. As a matter of fact, the protostar stage still remains rather mysterious since the study of these objects is very challenging already because their distances are so large. The standard wisdom is that stars are born, evolve and explode as supernovae and that the remnants of supernovae provide the material for future stars so that the portion of heavy elements in their nuclei should gradually increase. The finding that the abundances of elements seem to depend only weakly on cosmic time seems to be in conflict with these findings and forces us to ask whether the vision about the protostars should be modified. Also JWT found that the galaxies in the very young Universe can look like the Milky Way and could have element abundances of recent galaxies which challenges this belief.

The association of the jets to Herbig Haro objects conforms with the idea that cosmic strings or monopole flux tubes formed from them are involved with the formation of a star. One can consider two options for how the star formation proceeds in the TGD Universe.

1. The seed for the star formation comes from the transformation of dark energy associated with the cosmic string or monopole flux tube to ordinary matter (it could also correspond to a large h_eff phase and behave like dark matter and. explain the missing baryonic matter). By the conservation of the magnetic flux the magnetic energy density per unit length of the monopole flux tube behaves like 1/S and decreases rapidly with its transversal area. The volume energy density increases like area but its growth is compensated by the phase transition reducing the value of the analog of cosmological constant Λ so that on the average this contribution behaves as a function of the p-adic length scale. In the same way as magnetic energy per unit length. The energy liberated from the process is however rather small except for almost cosmic strings and this process might apply only to the formation of first generation stars.
2. The second option is that the process is analogous to "cold fusion" interpreted in the TGD framework as dark fusion (see this, this and this) in which ordinary matter, say protons and perhaps even heavier nuclei, are transformed to dark protons at the monopole flux tubes having much larger Compton length (proportional to h_eff) that ordinary protons or nuclei. If the nuclear binding energy scales like 1/h_eff for dark nuclei nuclear potential wall, is rather low and the dark fusion can take place at rather low temperatures. The dark nuclei would then transform to ordinary nuclei and liberate almost all of their ordinary nuclear binding energy, which would lead to a heating which would eventually ignite the ordinary nuclear fusion at the stellar core. Heavier nuclei could be formed already at this stage rather than in supernova explosions. This kind of process could occur also at the planetary level and produce heavier elements outside the stellar cores.

   This process in general requires energy feed to increase the value of h_eff. In living matter the Pollack effect would transform ordinary protons to dark protons. The energy could come from solar radiation or from the formation of molecules, whose binding energy would be used to increase h_eff (see this). This process could lead to the formation of molecules observed also in the jets from HH211. Of course, also the gravitational binding energy liberated as the matter condenses around the seed liberates and could be used to generate dark nuclei. This would also raise the temperature helping to initiate dark fusion. The presence of the dark fusion and the generation of heavy elements already at this stage distinguishes between this view and the standard picture.

   The flux tube needed in the process would correspond to a long thickened monopole flux tube parallel to the rotation axis of the emerging star. Stars would be connected to networks by these flux tubes forming quantum coherent structures (see this). This would explain the correlations between very distant stars difficult to understand in the standard astrophysics. The jets of the Herbig Haro object parallel to the rotation axis would reveal the presence of these flux tubes. The translational motion of matter along a helical flux tube would generate angular momentum. They would make possible the transfer of the surplus angular momentum, which would otherwise make the protostar unstable. By angular momentum conservation, the gain of the angular momentum by the protostar could involve generation of opposite angular momentum assignable to the dark monopole flux tubes.

See the article About the recent TGD based view concerning cosmology and astrophysics or the chapter with the same title.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.