The observation of non-standard arrow of time in systems characterized by Oxygen-redox electrochemistry

I learned of very interesting empirical findings (see this) demonstrating the existence of a non-standard arrow of time in systems characterized by Oxygen-redox (OR) chemistry. These kinds of findings fit very nicely with the general TGD based view of living systems in which the change of the arrow of time occurs in long scales and with the proposed vision about their generalization to systems which could be seen as living computers. In this view, electrochemistry would rely on new physics effects predicted by TGD.

Here is the abstract of the article,

Structural disorder within materials gives rise to fascinating phenomena, attributed to the intricate interplay of their thermodynamic and electrochemical properties. Oxygen-redox (OR) electrochemistry offers a breakthrough in capacity limits, while inducing structural disorder with reduced electrochemical reversibility. The conventional explanation for the thermal expansion of solids relies on the Grüneisen relationship, linking the expansion coefficient to the anharmonicity of the crystal lattice6. However, this paradigm may not be applicable to OR materials due to the unexplored dynamic disorder order transition in such systems . Here we reveal the presence of negative thermal expansion with a large coefficient value of -14.4(2) × 10^{-6 o}C^-1 in OR active materials, attributing this to thermally driven disorder order transitions.

The modulation of OR behaviour not only enables precise control over the thermal expansion coefficient of materials, but also establishes a pragmatic framework for the design of functional materials with zero thermal expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reinstatement of structural disorder within the material can also be accomplished through the electrochemical driving force. By adjusting the cut-off voltages, evaluation of the discharge voltage change indicates a potential for nearly 100 percent structure recovery. This finding offers a pathway for restoring OR active materials to their pristine state through operando electrochemical processes, presenting a new mitigation strategy to address the persistent challenge of voltage decay.

Zero energy ontology (ZEO) (see this and this) solves the quantum measurement problem in the TGD framework and predicts that in the TGD counterparts of the ordinary state function reductions (SFRs) associated with quantum measurements the arrow of time changes. I call these reductions "big" SFRs. In "small" SFRs (SSFRs) corresponding to repeated measurements of the same observables the arrow would not change but a "self measurement" inducing a small change would occur and give rise to self as a conscious entity.

TGD also predicts a hierarchy of effective Planck constants h_eff, which makes possible quantum coherence, BSFRs and SSFRs, and the non-standard arrow of time in arbitrarily long scales. This predicts exotic effects on all scales. In living matter these effects would be of special importance but appear also in astrophysical and perhaps even in cosmological scales. Even in the particle reactions a pair of BSFRs would occur (see this and this).

The phase of matter with a reversed arrow of time would look for an observer with the standard arrow of time just like the phase of matter reported here. The laws of thermodynamics would hold true but with a reversed arrow of time (see this, this, this). This was a general description for what might be in question. One can however look at the situation at a much more detailed level.

1. In Oxygen-redox (OR) reactions electrons are transferred from oxygen to the acceptor or vice versa. In the TGD based quantum biology, a fundamental role is played by the Pollack effect (see this) induced by irradiation using light in IR, visible and UV range. This induced negatively charged exclusion zones (EZs), which behave as if they had a reversed arrow of time.
2. The TGD based explanation of Pollack effect (see this, this this, this, this, this) is that protons from -OH groups (of say water) are kicked to to the field body of the system, where they become dark protons with a large value of h_eff. The arrow of time for the field body of EZ changes in this process. Since the field body controls the dynamics of EZ, this induces effective change of the arrow of time of EZ. The transfer process OH→ O^- + dark proton could correspond to a reversal of a topological qubit and this could make DNA a topological quantum computer.
3. Pollack effect generalizes (see this) and would take place in electrolysis and for instance give rise to the pH of water. What is fascinating is that the generalized Pollack effect could quite generally take place in systems involving cold plasmas. Computers could be such systems (see this) and one can consider Gallium based liquid computer, which would be a hybrid of ordinary and quantum computer giving rise to a life form (see this).
4. Also in the OR system described in the abstract, a generalization of Pollack effect creating negatively charged regions could be responsible for the change of the arrow of time.

See the article TGD and condensed matter or the chapter with the same title.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.