How sperm cells are able to apparently violate momentum conservation?

In TGD inspired quantum biology the natural explanation for the ability of sperm cells to apparently violate Newton's law would be in terms of the notion of a field body, which can be (gravitational) magnetic (see this) or electric (see this) .

In the electric case one can consider any charged biosystem: DNA, microtubules, cell, .. are indeed net negative charge which can be rather large. Also Earth is negatively charged. The transfer of particles to the field body to dark particles produces a recoil. In the transfer, the value of the effective Planck constant can increase from its standard value h to h_eff in which case the transfer requires energy. Since the momentum transfer is between the system and its invisible field body, Newton's law is apparently violated.

Some energy source is needed since the increase of h to h_eff requires energy. One can imagine several energy sources: solar light can provide the energy as in the Pollack effect. The formation of molecules from their constituents by the generalized Pollack effect. Also the metabolic energy stored in proteins could be liberated in ADP→ATP→ADP.

Also the electric potential energy of say cell membrane can serve as a source of energy. Biefeld Brown effect, known for decades, and now replicated in Nasa is based on the same mechanism. Now the voltage is between capacitor plates and the effect makes it possible for the capacitor to accelerate in the direction of the smaller plate.

The TGD based model for the Biefeld Brown effect is discussed in detail the article About the Biefeld Brown effect.

How does the sperm cell find the egg? A good guess is that the sperm shell and egg are connected by a pair of magnetic monopole flux tubes. This shortens as h_eff is reduced and brings them together. The reduction of h_eff, which is not possible in standard quantum physics, would be the mechanism. There is a strong analogy with biocatalysis involving two mysteries. How the reactants find each other in the molecular crowd and how reactions can be so incredibly fast as compared to natural estimates.

1. Reactants have highly dynamical U-shaped flux tubes acting as tentacles with which they study the environment. If tentacles of two molecules meet and if they correspond to the same cyclotron frequency a resonance followed by a reconnection occurs and creates a pair of two flux tubes connecting the molecules.

   Actually, in the TGD framework, the ordinary resonance is replaced by a multi-resonance ,in which several simultaneous cyclotron resonances are involved. For instance, the communication and control at the level of fundamental biomolecules would rely on this mechanism. For instance, dark counterparts of DNA codons consist of 3 dark protons at monopole flux tube parallel to the DNA strand. In this case 3-resonance occurs. For a gene consisting of N codons, 3N-resonance makes possible targeted communications between dark genes and corresponding dark protein or between identical genes.

2. After this h_eff is reduced and the resulting flux tube pair connecting the reactants, proportional to h_eff, shortens. This allows the reactants to find each other and also liberates energy kicking the reactants over the potential wall and reaction can take place rapidly.

See the article The realization of genetic code in terms of dark nucleon and dark photon triplets or the chapter with the same title.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.